To achieve the best results in 3D rendering, artists should follow certain lighting principles.
Consider the image below, it's a greyscale render with little information. We can use the lighting principles to create a story.
Here are some key principles to consider:
Understanding Light Sources: Understand the different types of light sources - natural (sunlight) and artificial (lamps, candles, etc.). Know their characteristics, color temperature, and how they interact with the scene.
Realism: Aim for realistic lighting that mimics how light behaves in the real world. This involves understanding concepts like light falloff, shadows, and reflections.
Composition: Consider the composition of the scene and how lighting can enhance the focal points, leading the viewer's eye to the main subject.
Color Temperature: Be mindful of the color temperature of light sources. Natural light (daylight) tends to be cooler, while artificial light is warmer. Using the appropriate color temperature can set the mood and enhance realism.
Shadows and Reflections: Pay attention to the shadows cast by objects and the reflections on surfaces. Shadows and reflections add depth and dimension to the scene.
Contrast and Highlights: Use contrast and highlights to bring out important elements in the scene. Balanced use of light and shadow can create a visually appealing composition.
Light Intensity: Adjust the intensity of light sources based on their distance from the objects and the desired effect. Dimmer lights for distant sources, and stronger lights for close sources.
Light Placement: Experiment with the placement of lights to achieve the desired effect. Lighting from different angles can drastically change the look and feel of the scene.
Global Illumination: Consider using global illumination techniques to simulate indirect lighting, which adds realism to the scene by accounting for light bouncing off surfaces.
Test Renders: Iteratively test and adjust the lighting setup with test renders to fine-tune the lighting and make improvements as needed.
Reference and Observation: Observe real-world lighting in different situations and environments. Refer to photographs, paintings, and movies for inspiration and guidance.
Lighting Rig: Set up a flexible lighting rig that allows you to easily adjust and control various lighting parameters.
Here's what our greyscale render from earlier looks like with lighting.
Not only does lighting bring the image to life, it also sets the mood of the scene and creates a lot of drama.
Remember, lighting is a creative tool, and experimentation is key to finding the best lighting setup for your 3D scene. Keep learning and practicing to improve your lighting skills over time.